Stainless Steel Pipes & Tubes

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One of the most versatile and commonly used stainless steels on the market, Grade 304 stainless steel is the most standard used alloy of this type. Essentially, Grade 304 is an austenitic chromium alloy which is also known as an "18/8" stainless as the make-up of the steel is 18% chromium and 8% nickel. 

The chromium content promotes the material's considerable resistance to the effects of corrosion and oxidation. The stainless steel alloy resists most oxidizing acids and will withstand ordinary rusting though this does not mean that the steel will not tarnish over time. The steel needs to be cold worked to generate higher tensile strength. For stainless steel sections which are welded heavily, post-weld annealing may be necessary to provide maximum corrosive resistance. 

Applications of Grade 304 Stainless Steel 

The steel is common throughout industry particularly in food processing as the material is not susceptible to corrosion from acids found in common foodstuffs. As a consequence, such steel is ideal for items such as sinks, work surfaces, preparation areas and refrigerators. It is also a perfect material for use in the pharmaceutical industry for environments such as clean rooms. 

Grade 304 can also be found in heat exchangers, chemical containers, pipelines and throughout the brewing industry. It can be used as a fabricated material where high temperature petroleum gases or steam production gases are stored such as pressure vessels. It can even be found extensively in the construction industry where the material is used for cosmetic purposes such as building fascias. 

304 & 304L plate and pipes have similar properties and in certain cases are stocked with Dual Certification, where it is concluded that each item has properties and a composition which comply with both steel types. Grade 304H cannot be included in this equation due to the steel's higher carbon content which is intended for use in elevated temperature applications.

304 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes Composition 

Typical compositional ranges for grade 304 stainless steels are given in table 1.

Table 1. Composition ranges for 304 grade stainless steel

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Type 304L is a lower carbon variant of Grade 304-the steel can be welded without the resulting issue of carbon precipitation (precipitation of chromium carbide as heat is applied during the welding process which depletes the chromium element of the steel thus reducing its anti-corrosive/oxidation effectiveness). 

As a result, Type 304L stainless steel is a sort after material for use in severely corrosive conditions. Weld annealing is only necessary in applications where stress loads are excessive. 

This steel Grade is found in a variety of commercial sectors, particularly in the chemical industry. 

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316Ti (UNS S31635) is a titanium stabilised version of 316 molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel. The 316 alloys are more resistant to general corrosion and pitting/crevice corrosion than the conventional chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels such as 304. They also offer higher creep, stress-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperature. High carbon Alloy 316 stainless steel can be susceptible to sensitisation, the formation of grain boundary chromium carbides at temperatures between approximately 900 and 1500°F (425 to 815°C) which can result in intergranular corrosion. Resistance to sensitisation is achieved in Alloy 316Ti with titanium additions to stabilise the structure

Product Range

Specifications:

ASTM A269 / ASTM A312

Dimensions:

All Pipes is manufactured and inspected/tested to the relevant standards including ASTM A269 / ASTM A312

Industries predominantly using this grade 

• Chemical Process
• Oil & Gas
• Automotive

Mechanical Properties

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Additional Information:

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310 is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel used for high-temperature applications.  The high chromium and nickel contents give the steel excellent oxidation resistance as well as high strength at high temperatures.  This grade is also very ductile, and has good weldability enabling its widespread usage in many applications.  310S is the low carbon version of 310 and is suggested for applications where sensitisation, and subsequent corrosion by high temperature gases or condensates during shutdown may pose a  problem.  310 is manufactured in accordance withASTM A269 / ASTM A312

Chemical Composition 

The chemical composition of 310 Stainless Steel is provided in the table below.